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ื”ื™ืจืฉื
ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืงื˜ืœื•ื’
ืชืžื•ื ื”
ืฉืœื—
ืชื™ืื•ืจ

ืคืจื™ื˜ : 1

ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช

 ื“' ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืฉืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš, ืœืžืจืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื• - ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช "ืžืฉื™"ื—" - ื•ื ืฆื™ื” ืฉื "ื— [1598]

ืชื™ืื•ืจ
ืคืจื™ื˜ ืงื•ื“ื
ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืงื˜ืœื•ื’
ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื‘ื

ืคืจื™ื˜ : 1

ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช

 ื“' ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืฉืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš, ืœืžืจืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื• - ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช "ืžืฉื™"ื—" - ื•ื ืฆื™ื” ืฉื "ื— [1598]

Opening bid: $4,000

ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช

 ื“' ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืฉืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš, ืœืžืจืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื• – ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช "ืžืฉื™"ื—" – ื•ื ืฆื™ื” ืฉื "ื— [1598]

ื“' ื—ืœืงื™ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš – ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื, ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื”, ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื•ื—ืฉืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜, ืžืืช ืžืจืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื•, ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืช. 


ืกื˜ ืงื“ื•ื ื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš – ืกืคืจ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื ืฉืขื ื™ื ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื›ืœ ืขื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื.


ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื–ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื” "ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ืžืฉื™ื—", ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ืจืžื– ืคืจื˜ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ืชื™ื‘ื” "ืžืฉื™"ื—", ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื: ืฉื "ื—. 

 ื“' ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืฉืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš, ืœืžืจืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื• – ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช "ืžืฉื™"ื—" – ื•ื ืฆื™ื” ืฉื "ื— [1598]

ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื ืคื˜ืจ 23 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื”ื“ืคืกื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื—ื™ื•ืชื. ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื: ื”ืืœืฉื™ืš ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ (ื ืคื˜ืจ ืฉ"ืก), ืžื”ืจ"ื ื’ืœืื ื˜ื™ ื”ื–ืงืŸ (ื ืคื˜ืจ ืฉืข"ื‘) ื•ืขื•ื“.

ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื›ืจื›ื™ื:

ื—ืœืง ื – ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื: ืง ื“ืฃ.

ื—ืœืง ื‘ – ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื”: [1], ืงื‘-ืงืฆื’, [1] ื“ืฃ.

ื—ืœืง ื’ – ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ: ื ื• ื“ืฃ. (ื›ืจื•ืš ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื•"ืž).

ื—ืœืง ื“ – ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜: [1], ื ื–-ืงืขื• ื“ืฃ.

ื•ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืื”, ืฉื ืช "ืžืฉื™"ื—" [ืฉื "ื— 1598]. ื“ืคื•ืก ื–ื•ืืŸ ื‘ืจืื’ืื“ื™ืŸ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืืŸ ื“ื’ืืจื”. ืžืฆื‘ ื›ืœืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ืชืžื™ื ื•ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืื™. ื“ืคื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืงืœ. ื›ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืชื•ืืžื•ืช.

ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”: ื’ื ื–ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืื•ืกืฃ ืžื”ืœืžืŸ), ืžืก' 782.

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ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืœืช ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืกืคืจื™ื•:

"ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืชื ืชืŸ ื“ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ" (ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื)

"ืœื›ื• ืืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืฉืจ ื™ืืžืจ ืœื›ื ืชืขืฉื•", ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืจืžื–ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืคืกืงื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš.

ื•ืื›ืŸ ื–ื›ื” ืžืจืŸ, ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื• ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื ืฉืขื ื™ื ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• 'ื›ืžืฉื” ืžืคื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”' (ืจืื” ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืจืž"ื).

ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื“ืคืกืชื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”'ืœื‘ื•ืฉ' ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืชื•: "ืกืžื›ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื ืฉื ื—ืŸ ื•ื—ืกื“ ื•ื™ืงืจ ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ืจื•ืื™ื• ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœื•ื”ื• ื›ืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ืจืื•ื”ื• ืžืฉื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื™ื ืฉืื•ื”ื• ืžืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื, ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ืขืช ื›ื•ืœื".

ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื• ื•ืืžืจื• "ื“ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื ื•ืกืกื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื”ืœื›ื”โ€ฆ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืžื™ื“ ื”' ื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•" (ืื•ืจื™ื ื•ืชื•ืžื™ื ืกื™' ื›"ื” ืงืฆื•ืจ ืชืงืคื• ื›ื”ืŸ ืื•ืช ืงื›"ื“).

ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืขืœ ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื (ืฉืค"ื“ ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืž"ื— ืกืงื›"ื”) "ื”ืœื ื ื•ื“ืข ืฉื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืกืคืง".

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"ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ":

ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืชืืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ื, ื”ืชืขื˜ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื•. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื ืชื›ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืืจ 'ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ' ืกืชื ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžื™ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”'ืžื—ื‘ืจ' ื‘ื”' ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื•ืขื•ื“ ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืชื•ืืจ 'ืžืจืŸ' ืกืชื ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืžืจืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื•.

ื‘ื˜ืขื ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžื• 'ืžืจืŸ' ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืžื–ืงื ื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืงื‘ืข ืžืจืŸ, ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื”: ื”ืจื™"ืฃ, ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ื‘ื“ื•ืจื• ืžืืชื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื—ื–ืŸ, ื›ื™ 'ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืงื“ืžืื™' ื ืชื ื• ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื›ืš ื‘ืฉื 'ืžืจืŸ' ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืž'ืžืืชื™ื™ื ืจ'ื‘ื ื™ื ื 'ืกืžืš (ืฉื•"ืช ืชืขืœื•ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ ื—"ื’, ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื“ืฃ ืง"ื• ืข"ื“).




ืคืจื™ื˜ ืงื•ื“ื
ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืงื˜ืœื•ื’
ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื‘ื

ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช

 ื“' ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืฉืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš, ืœืžืจืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื• – ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช "ืžืฉื™"ื—" – ื•ื ืฆื™ื” ืฉื "ื— [1598]

ื“' ื—ืœืงื™ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš – ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื, ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื”, ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ื•ื—ืฉืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜, ืžืืช ืžืจืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื•, ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืช. 


ืกื˜ ืงื“ื•ื ื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš – ืกืคืจ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื ืฉืขื ื™ื ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื›ืœ ืขื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื.


ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื–ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื” "ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ืžืฉื™ื—", ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ืจืžื– ืคืจื˜ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ืชื™ื‘ื” "ืžืฉื™"ื—", ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื: ืฉื "ื—. 

 ื“' ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืฉืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš, ืœืžืจืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื• – ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช "ืžืฉื™"ื—" – ื•ื ืฆื™ื” ืฉื "ื— [1598]

ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื ืคื˜ืจ 23 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื”ื“ืคืกื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื—ื™ื•ืชื. ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื: ื”ืืœืฉื™ืš ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ (ื ืคื˜ืจ ืฉ"ืก), ืžื”ืจ"ื ื’ืœืื ื˜ื™ ื”ื–ืงืŸ (ื ืคื˜ืจ ืฉืข"ื‘) ื•ืขื•ื“.

ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื›ืจื›ื™ื:

ื—ืœืง ื – ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื: ืง ื“ืฃ.

ื—ืœืง ื‘ – ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื”: [1], ืงื‘-ืงืฆื’, [1] ื“ืฃ.

ื—ืœืง ื’ – ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ: ื ื• ื“ืฃ. (ื›ืจื•ืš ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื•"ืž).

ื—ืœืง ื“ – ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜: [1], ื ื–-ืงืขื• ื“ืฃ.

ื•ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืื”, ืฉื ืช "ืžืฉื™"ื—" [ืฉื "ื— 1598]. ื“ืคื•ืก ื–ื•ืืŸ ื‘ืจืื’ืื“ื™ืŸ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืืŸ ื“ื’ืืจื”. ืžืฆื‘ ื›ืœืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ืชืžื™ื ื•ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืื™. ื“ืคื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืงืœ. ื›ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืชื•ืืžื•ืช.

ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”: ื’ื ื–ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืื•ืกืฃ ืžื”ืœืžืŸ), ืžืก' 782.

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ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืœืช ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืกืคืจื™ื•:

"ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืชื ืชืŸ ื“ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ" (ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื)

"ืœื›ื• ืืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืฉืจ ื™ืืžืจ ืœื›ื ืชืขืฉื•", ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืจืžื–ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืคืกืงื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš.

ื•ืื›ืŸ ื–ื›ื” ืžืจืŸ, ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื• ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื ืฉืขื ื™ื ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• 'ื›ืžืฉื” ืžืคื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”' (ืจืื” ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืจืž"ื).

ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื“ืคืกืชื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”'ืœื‘ื•ืฉ' ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืชื•: "ืกืžื›ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื ืฉื ื—ืŸ ื•ื—ืกื“ ื•ื™ืงืจ ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ืจื•ืื™ื• ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœื•ื”ื• ื›ืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ืจืื•ื”ื• ืžืฉื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื™ื ืฉืื•ื”ื• ืžืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื, ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ืขืช ื›ื•ืœื".

ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื• ื•ืืžืจื• "ื“ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื ื•ืกืกื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื”ืœื›ื”โ€ฆ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืžื™ื“ ื”' ื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•" (ืื•ืจื™ื ื•ืชื•ืžื™ื ืกื™' ื›"ื” ืงืฆื•ืจ ืชืงืคื• ื›ื”ืŸ ืื•ืช ืงื›"ื“).

ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืขืœ ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื (ืฉืค"ื“ ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืž"ื— ืกืงื›"ื”) "ื”ืœื ื ื•ื“ืข ืฉื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืกืคืง".

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"ืžืจืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ":

ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืชืืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ื, ื”ืชืขื˜ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื•. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื ืชื›ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืืจ 'ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ' ืกืชื ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžื™ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”'ืžื—ื‘ืจ' ื‘ื”' ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื•ืขื•ื“ ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืชื•ืืจ 'ืžืจืŸ' ืกืชื ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืžืจืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื•.

ื‘ื˜ืขื ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžื• 'ืžืจืŸ' ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืžื–ืงื ื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืงื‘ืข ืžืจืŸ, ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื”: ื”ืจื™"ืฃ, ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ื‘ื“ื•ืจื• ืžืืชื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื—ื–ืŸ, ื›ื™ 'ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืงื“ืžืื™' ื ืชื ื• ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื›ืš ื‘ืฉื 'ืžืจืŸ' ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืž'ืžืืชื™ื™ื ืจ'ื‘ื ื™ื ื 'ืกืžืš (ืฉื•"ืช ืชืขืœื•ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ ื—"ื’, ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื“ืฃ ืง"ื• ืข"ื“).