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ื”ื™ืจืฉื
ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืงื˜ืœื•ื’
ืชืžื•ื ื”
ืฉืœื—
ืชื™ืื•ืจ

ืคืจื™ื˜ : 4

ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ 'ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจ' ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื™ื,

ื“ืคื•ืก ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืืžืฉื˜ืจื“ื ืชืงื›"ื– [1767]

ืชื™ืื•ืจ
ืคืจื™ื˜ ืงื•ื“ื
ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืงื˜ืœื•ื’
ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื‘ื

ืคืจื™ื˜ : 4

ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ 'ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจ' ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื™ื,

ื“ืคื•ืก ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืืžืฉื˜ืจื“ื ืชืงื›"ื– [1767]

Opening bid: $1,500

ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ 'ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจ' ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื™ื,

ื“ืคื•ืก ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืืžืฉื˜ืจื“ื ืชืงื›"ื– [1767]

ื”ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ ืกืช"ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•!


ืกื˜ ืžื•ื’ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉื” ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ืœืœื ื ื™ืงื•ื“, ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”'ื‘ืขืœื™ ืงื•ืจืื™ื' ื•ืกื•ืคืจื™ ืกืช"ื

ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื, ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื–ื• ื›ืœ ืžื™ืคืชื— ื“ืคื™ื (ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘' ื•ืขืžื•ื“ ื' ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ื•) ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขืžื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืช ืž"ื‘ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืก"ืช ืคื•ืชื—ืช ื‘ืื•ืช ื•' (ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ 'ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื').

ื”ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืคื™ื–ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื”ื•ื“ืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื’ื™ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื!

ืžืจืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ ืกืช"ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ื ื“ืคืก ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื' ื‘ืืžืฉื˜ืจื“ื, ื ืงืจื ืขื–ืจืช ืกื•ืคืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืžืชื•ืงืŸ ืžืื“ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืก"ืช" (ืฉื”"ื’ ื—"ื‘, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•, ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื')

ื’ื ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื•ื•ืืœืฃ ื”ื™ื™ื“ื ื”ื™ื™ื – 'ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ' – ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื–ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื”.

ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”'ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื' ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื! 

ื”ืกื˜ ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ื›ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื•ืจ ืืžืฉื˜ืจื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช, ืขื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘:

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช: [12], 64; ื›ื• ื“ืฃ
ืฉืžื•ืช: [1], 65-119; [2], ื›ื— ื“ืฃ
ื•ื™ืงืจื: [2], 120-159; [2], ื›ื“ ื“ืฃ
ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ: [2], 160-215; [2], ื˜ื– ื“ืฃ
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: [2], 281-264; [8] ื“ืฃ. ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืืจื™ื”, ืจืžื– ืœืฉื ื”ืžื•"ืœ.

ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื›ืจื›ื• ื“ืคื™ 'ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ' ื”ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื—ืกืจื™ื ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื.

ืืžืฉื˜ืจื“ื ืชืงื›"ื–-ืชืงื›"ื˜ [1767-1769]. ื’ื•ื“ืœ: 19.7 ืก"ืž. ืžืฆื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘. ื ืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื•ื›ืชืžื™ ืžื™ื. ืฉืคืฉื•ืคื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืจื™ื›ื•ืช.

ืžืงื•ืจ: ืื•ืกืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื’ืจื•ืก, ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘.

ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื–ื•: ืžืืžืจ ืžืืช ื”ืจื”"ื— ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื›ืœื“ืจ ืฉื™ื—ื™', ื”ืžื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ 681, ืขืž' ื™ื—-ื› (ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ)
ืคืจื™ื˜ ืงื•ื“ื
ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืงื˜ืœื•ื’
ืคืจื™ื˜ ื”ื‘ื

ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ 'ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจ' ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื™ื,

ื“ืคื•ืก ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืืžืฉื˜ืจื“ื ืชืงื›"ื– [1767]

ื”ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ ืกืช"ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•!


ืกื˜ ืžื•ื’ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉื” ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ืœืœื ื ื™ืงื•ื“, ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”'ื‘ืขืœื™ ืงื•ืจืื™ื' ื•ืกื•ืคืจื™ ืกืช"ื

ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื, ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื–ื• ื›ืœ ืžื™ืคืชื— ื“ืคื™ื (ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘' ื•ืขืžื•ื“ ื' ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ื•) ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขืžื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืช ืž"ื‘ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืก"ืช ืคื•ืชื—ืช ื‘ืื•ืช ื•' (ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ 'ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื').

ื”ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืคื™ื–ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื”ื•ื“ืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื’ื™ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื!

ืžืจืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ ืกืช"ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ื ื“ืคืก ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื' ื‘ืืžืฉื˜ืจื“ื, ื ืงืจื ืขื–ืจืช ืกื•ืคืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืžืชื•ืงืŸ ืžืื“ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืก"ืช" (ืฉื”"ื’ ื—"ื‘, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•, ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื')

ื’ื ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื•ื•ืืœืฃ ื”ื™ื™ื“ื ื”ื™ื™ื – 'ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ' – ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื–ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื”.

ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”'ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื' ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื! 

ื”ืกื˜ ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ื›ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื•ืจ ืืžืฉื˜ืจื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช, ืขื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘:

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช: [12], 64; ื›ื• ื“ืฃ
ืฉืžื•ืช: [1], 65-119; [2], ื›ื— ื“ืฃ
ื•ื™ืงืจื: [2], 120-159; [2], ื›ื“ ื“ืฃ
ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ: [2], 160-215; [2], ื˜ื– ื“ืฃ
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: [2], 281-264; [8] ื“ืฃ. ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืืจื™ื”, ืจืžื– ืœืฉื ื”ืžื•"ืœ.

ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื›ืจื›ื• ื“ืคื™ 'ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ' ื”ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื—ืกืจื™ื ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื.

ืืžืฉื˜ืจื“ื ืชืงื›"ื–-ืชืงื›"ื˜ [1767-1769]. ื’ื•ื“ืœ: 19.7 ืก"ืž. ืžืฆื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘. ื ืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื•ื›ืชืžื™ ืžื™ื. ืฉืคืฉื•ืคื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืจื™ื›ื•ืช.

ืžืงื•ืจ: ืื•ืกืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื’ืจื•ืก, ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘.

ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื–ื•: ืžืืžืจ ืžืืช ื”ืจื”"ื— ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื›ืœื“ืจ ืฉื™ื—ื™', ื”ืžื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™ ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ 681, ืขืž' ื™ื—-ื› (ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ)